Efficient and selective adsorption of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes by yellow passion fruit peel.

As an important biomass resource, agricultural waste is of great significance to improve the application value. In this study, the yellow passion fruit peel (Y-PFP) was used as a biosorbent to remove cationic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV)) by the simple treatment process. And the effects of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption performance of Y-PFP were studied. The adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. What's more, the maximum adsorption capacity for MB and MV was 324.7 and 485.4 mg·g-1, respectively. And Y-PFP still exhibited high removal efficiency after five desorption-adsorption cycles. Thus, Y-PFP had highly valuable for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater with a simple preparation process, low cost, excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Hypoglycemic and Vasorelaxant Effect of Passiflora edulis Fruit Peel By-Product.

Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. edulis fruit peel extracts in a type 1 diabetes model and the potential vasorelaxant effect. The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained from P. edulis fruit peels and orientin and isorientin flavonoids were identified in both extracts through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Pectin was only identified in the aqueous extract by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Regarding the vascular system, the hydroethanolic extract showed better vasorelaxant effects in the mesenteric artery rings when compared to the aqueous extract. These effects mainly occur by opening the potassium channels. In the type 1 diabetes model, extracts at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg were able to restore the effect of insulin in diabetic rats which were not responding to its action. The antidiabetic effect was more significant for the aqueous extract. Thus, the results suggest that the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts have greater potential to be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and as a hypoglycemic agent, respectively. Taken together, P. edulis fruit peel extracts proved to be a source of valuable bioactive raw material to produce nutraceuticals or pharmaceutical products.

Use of mycorrhizal fungi releases the application of organic fertilizers to increase the production of leaf vitexin in yellow passion fruit.

BACKGROUND: Low-cost organic fertilizers, such as coconut powder and vermicompost, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may benefit the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plant. However, it has not been established whether the joint application of these inputs may increase the production of vitexin and other molecules associated with the phytotherapeutic properties of this plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the application of AMF and organic fertilizers maximizes the production of bioactive compounds in leaves of P. edulis. RESULTS: The inoculation of Acaulospora longula into P. edulis grown in fertilization-free soil promoted an increase of 86% in the concentration of leaf vitexin, 10.29% in the concentration of total phenols, and 13.78% in the concentration of total tannins in relation to the AMF-free control, rendering soil fertilization superfluous. CONCLUSION: The application of A. longula increases the production of foliar biomolecules, such as vitexin, in yellow passion fruit plants. Thus, the addition of coconut powder and vermicompost to the substrate composition is not necessary, leading to the commercialized production of phytomass in the herbal medicines industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterization of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Passiflora edulis 'Catarina' in the southern coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil / Caracterização do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus em Passiflora edulis cv. Catarina no litoral sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil

CABMV is a limiting virus for passion fruit crop in Brazil, its main producing country. This virus has been reported in all producing states of the country, with the state of Santa Catarina (SC) in 2017 standing as the third largest passion fruit producer. In 2017, it reached 8.4% of the national production. The southern coast is the main responsible for the increase in production, which has been supplying the domestic market. However, in that same year, this region recorded the first symptom expressions in plants and fruits. The evaluation of the samples collected in the municipalities of Sombrio, Praia Grande and São João do Sul, southern coast of SC, was performed by using a mechanical transmission to indicator plants, PTA-ELISA and RT-PCR, and by sequencing. The evaluation results were positive for CABMV and negative for CMV in PTA-ELISA. In RT-PCR, there was the formation of a 700bp ca band, expected size for Potyvirus, whose sequence comparison with those deposited in GenBank reveled 98% identity with the isolates from São Paulo State. The occurrence of the virus in the southern coast of SC did not reach a serious decrease in passion fruit production due to the union of producers, who adopted preventive management measures to control the virus, whose effect led to a consolidation of the passion fruit production chain in the region.(AU)

O CABMV é um vírus limitante para a cultura do maracujá no Brasil, principal país produtor mundial, cuja ocorrência já foi relatada em todos os estados produtores. Em 2017, o estado de Santa Catarina (SC) foi o terceiro maior produtor de maracujá no Brasil, responsável por 8,4% da produção nacional, sendo o litoral sul o principal responsável pelo aumento da produção, garantindo o abastecimento do mercado interno. Entretanto, nesse mesmo ano, essa região registrou as primeiras expressões de sintomas em plantas e frutos. Uma avaliação das amostras coletadas nos municípios de Sombrio, Praia Grande e São João do Sul, litoral sul de Santa Catarina, foi realizada por transmissão mecânica para plantas indicadoras, PTA-ELISA, RT-PCR e sequenciamento. Os resultados foram positivos para o CABMV e negativos para o CMV, tanto em PTA-ELISA quanto RT-PCR. Na RT-PCR, houve a amplificação de bandas com ca de 700pb, tamanho esperado para o Potyvirus cuja comparação de sequências com as depositadas no GenBank revelaram 98% de similaridade com os isolados do estado de São Paulo. A ocorrência do vírus na região do litoral sul de Santa Catarina não causou quebra na produção de maracujá devido à adoção conjunta de medidas preventivas de manejo pelos produtores, fato que consolidou a cadeia produtiva do maracujá na região.(AU)

Relatório da medição de pH e acidez da polpa e néctar de maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulisflavicarpaDegener) e análise sensorial do néctar / Report of ph measurement and acidity of pulp and necar of yellow maracujá(passiflora edulis flavicarpadegener), and sensory analysis of néctar

Introdução: o maracujá é uma fruta cuja polpa pode ser utilizada na preparação de sucos, sorvetes, vinhos, licores ou doces. O estado de maturidade do vegetal, que é um dos fatores mais importante na qualidade do produto final e o pH da polpa e do néctar do maracujá amarelo, são, para o mercado, características fundamentais. Objetivo: analisar o pH da polpa e do néctar do maracujá amarelo, e realizar a análise sensorial do néctar do maracujá amarelo de uma Recebido em: 21/0652017 amostra selecionada. Método: as amostras foram higienizadas pri meiramente com detergente neutro sempre em contado com água corrente. Foram usados 20 ml de polpa de maracujá e diluído para que o phmetro pudesse identificar a medida de pH. A análise sensorial foi realizada apenas pela descrição das características sensoriais pelo grupo de alunos provadores. Resultados: a média do pH da polpa foi 4,28 e para o néctar, 3,8. A análise do ácido cítrico na polpa foi de 7,96% e no néctar. Os provadores, na porcentagem de 99% referiram que gostaram e comprariam a bebida caso disponível no mercado. Conclusão: observa-se então que o elevado pH para um produto na qual se visava a formulação do néctar teve ótimo aproveitamento. Contudo o pH ácido diminui a acidez do produto, deixando de certa forma um equilíbrio que infelizmente pode ser facilmente desfeito. Ambas as medições de pH da polpa e do néctar se mostraram elevadíssimo, já as medições de acidez por não ter um parâmetro legislativo para resguardar a quantidade máxima, considerou-se dentro dos padrões.

Introduction: passion fruit is a fruit whose pulp can be used in the preparation of juices, ice creams, wines, liqueurs or sweets. The state of maturity of the vegetable, which is one of the most important factors in the quality of the final product, and the pH of the yellow passion fruit pulp and nectar, are fundamental characteristics for the market. Objective: to observe the pH of the yellow passion fruit pulp and nectar, and to perform the sensory analysis of yellow passion fruit nectar from a selected sample. Method: firstly, samples were sanitized with neutral detergent always counted with running water. 20 ml of passion fruit pulp and diluted were used so that the phmetro could identify the pH measure. Sensory analysis was performed only by the description of the sensorial characteristics by the group of student tasters. Results: the mean pH of the pulp was 4.28 and for the nectar, 3.8. The citric acid analysis in the pulp was 7.96% and in the nectar. The tasters, in the percentage of 99% mentioned that they liked and would buy the drink if available in the market. Conclusion: It was observed that the high pH for a product in which the formulation of the nectar had a good use. However the acidic PH decreases the acidity of the product, leaving in a way a balance that unfortunately can be easily undone. Both measurements of pH of the pulp and nectar were very high, since the acidity measurements for not having a legislative parameter to protect the maximum quantity was considered within the standards.

Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) Sacc. In yellow passion fruit using Cymbopogon citratus essential oil

The use of antibiotics in agriculture is limited when compared to their applications in human and veterinary medicine. On the other hand, the use of antimicrobials in agriculture contributes to the drug resistance of human pathogens and has stimulated the search for new antibiotics from natural products. Essential oils have been shown to exert several biological activities including antibacterial and antifungal actions. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of 28 essential oils from medicinal plants cultivated at CPMA (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Collection), CPQBA/UNICAMP, against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., the anthracnose agent in yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg), as well as evaluating their effect in the control of post-harvest decay. The oils were obtained by water-distillation using a Clevenger-type system and their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined by the micro-dilution method. According to the results, 15 of the 28 essential oils presented activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the following four oils presented MIC values between 0.25 and 0.3 mg/mL: Coriandrum sativum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Lippia alba. The evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in the control of post-harvest decay in yellow passion fruit showed that the disease index of the samples treated with the essential oil did not differ (P < 0.05) from that of the samples treated with fungicide. The present study shows the potential of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in the control of the anthracnose agent in yellow passion fruit.

Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) Sacc. In yellow passion fruit using Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.

The use of antibiotics in agriculture is limited when compared to their applications in human and veterinary medicine. On the other hand, the use of antimicrobials in agriculture contributes to the drug resistance of human pathogens and has stimulated the search for new antibiotics from natural products. Essential oils have been shown to exert several biological activities including antibacterial and antifungal actions. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of 28 essential oils from medicinal plants cultivated at CPMA (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Collection), CPQBA/UNICAMP, against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., the anthracnose agent in yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg), as well as evaluating their effect in the control of post-harvest decay. The oils were obtained by water-distillation using a Clevenger-type system and their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined by the micro-dilution method. According to the results, 15 of the 28 essential oils presented activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the following four oils presented MIC values between 0.25 and 0.3 mg/mL: Coriandrum sativum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Lippia alba. The evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in the control of post-harvest decay in yellow passion fruit showed that the disease index of the samples treated with the essential oil did not differ (P ≤ 0.05) from that of the samples treated with fungicide. The present study shows the potential of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in the control of the anthracnose agent in yellow passion fruit.